Self-drilling screws feature a tip shaped like a drill bit, allowing them to drill their own pilot hole and tap threads in a single operation. Self-tapping screws tap their own threads but typically require a pre-drilled pilot hole before installation.

While self-drilling screws are primarily engineered for metal-to-metal or metal-to-wood fastening, they can be used in wood. However, standard wood screws are generally preferred for pure wood-to-wood applications to prevent splitting.

They are commonly manufactured from carbon steel (often zinc-plated for corrosion resistance) or stainless steel. Carbon steel is stronger and handles harder metals, while stainless steel offers superior corrosion protection for outdoor or chemical environments.

Hex head drives are ideal for high-torque industrial installations. Phillips drives are popular for general construction and ease of use, while square drives offer excellent grip and reduce the risk of driver slippage (cam-out).

The integrated washer increases the load-bearing surface area, distributing the clamping pressure more evenly and helping to prevent leaks or material damage at the fastening point.